Apparatus for distilling crude oils.



- PATENTED JULY 5, 1904.

J. G. MALLONEE.

AEPARATUS FOR DISTILLING CRUDE OILS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 18, 1903.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

NO MODEL.

PATENTED JULY 5, 1904.

J. c. MALLONEB. APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING CRUDE 0111s.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 18, 1903.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEI...

Wibweooeo PATENTED JULY 5, 1904.

No. 764,138. v J. 0. MALLONEE.

APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING CRUDE OILS.

APPLIUATION FILED JULY 18. 1903.

N0 MODEL. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3,

Q I Wit names avwanto'c UNITED STATES Patented July 5, 1904.-

PATENT Fries.

JOHN (JAPLES MALLONEE, OF CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JOHN JEFFERSON MALLONEE, OF ORIOHTON, ALA

BAMA.

APPARATUS FOR DISTlLLlNG CRUDE-OILS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 764,138, dated July 5, 1904:.

Application filed July 18I 1903. Serial No. 166,138. (No model.)

To all whom, it mag concern:

Be it known that I, J OHN CAPLES MALLONEE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Charlotte, in the county of Mecklenburg and State of North Carolina, have invented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Distilling Crude Oils, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in dis tilling apparatus forthe treatment of oils resulting from the reduction of pine wood in a closed retort; and the object of the same is to construct an apparatus specially adapted for the treatment of two fractions of'said oil, the first fraction comprising the oil having a gravity between the limits 0.85 and 0.92 and the second fraction comprising the oil having a gravity between the limits 0.92 and 0.96.

My invention comprises certain details of arrangement in construction, which are fully described in this specification and more particularly pointed out in the claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of my apparatus set up ready for use. Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail of stills 1 and 2, which are shown in section, and a condenser and separator.

Fig. 2" is a detail section of stills 3 and 4: and separator.

Like numerals of reference designate like curves around and extends downwardly and is connected to a condenser 9. In order to chill the column 8 to prevent the outflow of turpentine, a spray 10 is mounted at the upper end of the column and arranged to play thereon. A cold-water connection 11 is provided for this spray, and a pan 12 is located below -it and surrounding the bottom of the column pipes 18 pass and are cooled by the water therein. The column 8 is connected to the chamber 14:, and a pipe 21 is connected to the chamber 16 and to a trap 22, which is also connected to a separator 23. The separator 23 comprises a hollow cylindrical casing 2 1, opened at the top, and a gooseneck overflowpipe 25, which is connected to the bottom of i the separator and curved around and extends upwardly to within a short distance of the top of the casing 2 1. A draw-ofi cock 26 is connected to the casing 24. about centrally thereof to serve for drawing off the oil.

A pipe 27 is connected to the bottom of the still 1, is provided with a valve 27, and extends horizontally and is connected to the top of the retort 2, which is provided with anonperforated coil 28 and a perforated coil 29, both mounted in said still to serve for heating it. Steam connections 28 and 29* are provided for the coils 28 and 29, respectively. A column 30 about eight feet in height is connected to the top of the turpentine-still 2 and curved around and is connected to a worm 31, mounted in a tub 32. A separator 33 identical in every particular with the separator 23 is located to catch the drippings from the worm 31.

The still 4 is located just below the cook 26 on the separator 23 and is provided with perforated and non-perforated heating-coils 34 and 35, respectively, having steam connections 34 and 35. A column 36 extends upward and across and is connected to the top of the still 1 and to a worm. (Not shown.)

A pipe 37 for drawing off the residue from the still 1 is connected to the bottom thereof and to the top of the still 3, having perforated and non-perforated heating-coils 38 and 39, respectively, provided with steam connections 38 and 39. A pipe 40 is connected to the bottom of the still 2 and extends over and is coupled to the top of the still 3. A pipe 41, turned sharply at right angles, is con nected at the top of the still 3 and to a worm 42, contained in the tub 43 and provided with two draw-oif cocks 44 and 45.

A double-compartment separator 46 is located just below the draw-off cocks 44 and 45. The separator 46 comprises a casing 47, having openings in the top in which funnels 48 are mounted in alinement with the cooks 44 and 45. The casing 47 is divided into two non-communicating compartments 49 and 50 by means of a vertical transversely-extending partition 51. A draw-off cock 52 for oil is connected to the compartment 49 near the center line thereof, while three draw-off cocks 53 are connected to the compartment 50 and are located at graduated heights between points six inches from the bottom of the easing 47 and one foot from the top thereof. A water-overflow pipe 54 is connected to the bottom of the casing 47 and communicates with the compartment 49 and extends up to within about one foot of the top of said casing. An oil-overflow pipe 55 communicates with the bottom of the compartment 50 and extends up to the center line thereof.

The operation of my apparatus and the process of reducing oils can now be sketched. The still 1 is first charged with first or second fraction oil; but since the method of procedure is identical in both cases-that is, in the treatment of second and third fraction oils no distinction will hereinafter be made, and steam is then turned into the coil 5 and water to the spray l0. The distillation will now proceed, and a strong naphtha-like oil will pass up through the column 8 and down into the condenser 9. off, for on coming in contact with the cooled column 8 it will be precipitated into the still 1. The naphtha-like oil will traverse the tubes 18 and be condensed and pass through the trap 22 into the separator 23, which has been previously filled with cold water up to the top of the overflow-pipe 25. As soon as the oil begins to flow into the separator 23 the water will overflow through the pipe 25, and the oil-line--that is, the line of contact between the water and the oilwill pass down beyond the cock 26, when oil may be drawn off by opening this cock. It is desirable not to let the water-line get too low, as waste would re sult by the overflow of oil through the pipe 25. The residue remaining in the still 1 contains the turpentine, the lower oils, and all of the tar and heavier stuff, and this residue is drawn off through the pipe 27 into the still 2. As soon as the still 1 is discharged steam is turned into both the perforated and non-perforated coils 29 and 28. The turpentinewill now-distil over rapidly and will pass out to the pipe Turpentine will not pass.

30 into the worm 31, where it will be con densed and will pass into the separator 33, where it will be separated in the same manner in which the naphtha-like oil was by the separator 23. This turpentine obtained from the separator 33 is, however, not sufiiciently clear and is therefore permitted to run into the still 4, which is heated by the perforated coil 34 and a non-perforated coil 35, both of which are employed, and the turpentine is rapidly redistilled and passes over and is con densed by means not shown. The residue remaining in the still 4 is conducted to still 3 by the pipe 37, and the residue remaining in still 2 is permittedto also flow into still 3 through the pipe 40. The contents of the still 3 now comprises all the heavy material below the gravity of the turpentine, and this is redistilled in the still 3 by employing both heating-coils 38 and 39. The products of this distillation will be condensed by the coil 42, and the first portion, with the gravity less than that of water, is permitted to flow through the cock 44, which is open, while the cock 45 is closed. The oil flowing out of the cock 44 will go into the compartment 49 of the separator 46, which must be filled with water before any oil is permitted to flow in. The oil is drawn off through the cock 52 in the same manner as oil was drawn off through the cock 26. As soon as the gravity of the distillate exceeds 1.0 the cock 44 is closed and 45 opened to permit the oil to flow into compartment 50 of the separator 46 and displace the water, which will rise to the top, after which the oil may be drawn off by employing the two lowermost cocks 53. The residue remaining in tl still 3 consists principally of tar and para n.

The temperature of the steam used in my improved apparatus will be somewhat above 212 varying a little as the pressure varies,

all as will be clearly understood by those I skilled in the art.

I do not wish to be limited as to details of construction, as 'these may be modified in .many particulars without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. An apparatus for distilling turpentine and coproducts from crude oils comprising in its construction a still; means for heating the still at the bottom thereof; a condensing and separating means; means for conducting the products of distillation from the still to the said condenser and separator; means for cooling the heavier products of distillation to prevent them from passing to the said condenser and to be returned to said still; a second still; means for heating it and for conveying away therefrom the products of distillation and separating the same; means 'for conveying the undistilled products from the first still to the second still; means for cooling and separating the distillates of the second still; a fourth still; means for conveying thereto certain products of distillation of the second still; a third still; means for conveying thereto the undistilled products of the second and fourth stills; and means for separating and cooling the distillates of the second and fourth stills.

2. An apparatus for distilling turpentine and coproducts from crude resinous oils comprising in its construction a still and means for carrying 03 the lighter products of distillation and returning the heavier products thereto; a separating and condensing means; a second still; means for conveying the undistilled products from the first still to the second; a cooling and separating means for the latter still; a fourth still; and means for conveying certain products of distillation from the second still to the fourth still and means for conveying away the products of distillation from the latter still.

3. An apparatus for distilling turpentine and coproducts from crude resinous oils comprising in its construction a still and means for carrying off the lighter products of distil lation and returning the heavier products thereto; aseparating and condensing means; a second still; means for conveying the heavier products of distillation from the first still to the second; a fourth still; means for condensing and conveying certain products of distillation from the second still to the fourth still and distilling the same; a third still and means for conveying certain undistilled products of distillation from the second and fourth stills to the said second still and distilling the same.

4:. In an apparatus for treating crude oils, the combination of a first still provided with means for heating it, a condensing apparatus connected to said still to serve for condensing the naphtha-like oil, a second still for use in separating the turpentine, a drainage-pipe connected to the bottom of said first still and to the top of said second still, a perforated coil and a non-perforated coil both mounted still provided with a perforated and a nonperforated coil having steam connection, a drainage-pipe connected substantially with the bottom of said fourth still and to the top of said third still, and a condensing apparatus connected to the top of said third still, said fourth still being connected to the condensing apparatus which is connected to the top of said second still, substantially as described.

5. An apparatus for distilling turpentine and coproducts from crude resinous oils, comprising in its construction a first still provided with means for heating it; a condensing apparatus connected with the said still to condense the naphtha-like oil distilled thereby; a second still for use in separating the turpentine; a pipe connected with the bottom of the said first still and with the top of the said second still; means within the said still for heating it; a condensing apparatus connected with the top of the said second still, a pipe connected with the bottom of the said second still; a third still, connected at its top with the lastmentioned pipe; a fourth still provided within it with means for heating it; a pipe connected with the bottom of the said third still and the top of the said third still; and a connesses.

JOHN GAPLES MALLONEE. WVitnesses:

J. A. AMMoNs, B. F. JORDAN. 

